{"id":8645,"date":"2011-04-29T02:45:15","date_gmt":"2011-04-28T19:45:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/syariahnew.uin-malang.ac.id\/75-2\/"},"modified":"2011-04-29T02:45:15","modified_gmt":"2011-04-28T19:45:15","slug":"75-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/zh\/75-2\/","title":{"rendered":"PANDANGAN ORIENTALIS TERHADAP  SURAH DAN AYAT AL-QUR\u2019AN (Tugas Study Al-Qur&#8217;an)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">PANDANGAN ORIENTALIS TERHADAP <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">SURAH DAN AYAT AL-QUR\u2019AN<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>Oleh : Kelompok 1*<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">ABSTRAK<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Orientalisme didefiniskan sebagai pemahaman masalah-masalah ketimuran. Istilah ini berasal dari bahasa Perancis, <em>orient<\/em> yang berarti timur atau bersifat timur. <em>Isme<\/em> berarti paham, ajaran, sikap atau cita-cita. Orang yang mempelajari masalah-masalah ketimuran (termasuk keislaman) disebut orientalis yaitu ilmuwan Barat yang mendalami bahasa-bahasa, kesustraan, agama, sejarah, adat istiadat dan ilmu-ilmu dunia Timur. Dunia Timur yang dimaksud di sini adalah wilayah yang terbentang dari Timur dekat sampai ke Timur jauh dan negara-negara yang berada di Afrika Utara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Para orientalis berpandangan semisal <em>Antonius Walaeus<\/em>, \u201dal Qur\u2019an adalah kitab suci yang disimpangkan dan penuh dengan pemikiran yang saling bertentangan\u201d. <em>Jesuit J.J. Ten Berge<\/em>, \u201cAl-Qur\u2019an adalah konfirmasi dan interpretasi terhadap sejarah Bibel, -suatu hasil yang sangat buruk- serta mereduksinya dan berisikan koleksi dongeng-dongeng, cerita buatan, dan cerita-cerita yang disalahpahami\u201d. <em>John Wansbrough<\/em>, \u201cal-Qur\u2019an adalah karya sastra Nabi SAW yang cenderung mengadaptasi kitab-kitab sebelumnya\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>George Sale<\/em>, <em>DR. Henry Stubbe, &nbsp;DR. John Naish<\/em>, dan<em> F. F. Arbuthnot<\/em> senada berpandangan bahwa surah dan ayat-ayat dalam Alquran berbahasa Arab mempunyai keindahan deduktif, murni, dan memiliki gaya tarik, expressif dan enersi yang eksflossif, yang terlalu sukar diterjemahkan kata demi kata\u201d. <em>Goldziher<\/em>, \u201c perubahan uslub (metode) surah dan ayat Alquran dipengaruhi oleh perubahan tabiat pribadi Muhammad\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Washington Irving \u201c<\/em>al-Qur\u2019an terdapat banyak penyimpangan serta ketimpangan, campur aduk <em>(heterogeneous fragments)<\/em> tidak tersistem antara penyusunan surah dan ayat-ayat dalam al-Qur\u2019an <em>(thrown together without selection, without chronological order, and without system of any kind)\u201d. Abraham Geiger<\/em> \u201cSurah dan ayat-ayat dalam al-Qur\u2019an di ambil dari kisah dan doktrin-doktrin orang yahudi\u201d. Sedangkan <em>S. Fraenkel dan Hartwig Hirschfeld<\/em> berpandangan tentang pemfokuskan pentingnya melacak berbagai kosa-kata asing yang banyak di adopsi dalam surah dan ayat dalam Al-Qur\u2019an.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Thedore Noldeke<\/em> dalam bukunya menjelaskan tentang sejarah surah-surah dengan menggunakan metode lurus yang kadang-kadang mengandung kebenaran. Serta&nbsp; mengutip susunan surah-surah dari kitab Abil Qasim Umar bin Muhammad bin Abdul-Kaafi dalam penyusunan surah makkiyah dan madaniyah. Dan pandangan <em>Noldeke <\/em>banyak mewarnai dan menjadi rujukan dari para orientalis setelahnya.<em> Christoph Luxenberg<\/em> bepandangan serta berspekulasi dalam surah dan ayat-ayat al-Qur\u2019an banyak diketemukan kesalahan penulisan dan bacaan dan bahkan&nbsp; <em>Luxenberg<\/em> mengutak-atik surah dan ayat dalam teks al-Qur\u2019an. Dalam hal ini <em>Christoph Luxenberg <\/em>banyak mendapatkan kritikan dan penolakan dari asumsi-asumsinya oleh kalangan ulama-ulama islam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dari semua pandangan para orientalis di atas sudah pasti banyak pandangan yang mendiskritkan serta mereduksi surah dan ayat al-Qur\u2019an dengan hal-hal negatif disebabkan kebencian mereka kepada islam dan faktor untuk mengintervensi kajian islam dengan sekulerisasi ilmu dari al-Qur\u2019an. Serta ada pula pandangan dari para orientalis yang positif terhadap surah dan ayat al-Qur\u2019an dikarenakan mengakui atas keindahan uslub dan keistimewaan mukjizat terbesar nabi Muhammad SAW tersebut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal<\/w:View> <w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves \/> <w:TrackFormatting \/> <w:PunctuationKerning \/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas \/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false<\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false<\/w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false<\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF \/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US<\/w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE<\/w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>AR-SA<\/w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables \/> <w:SnapToGridInCell \/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct \/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules \/> <w:DontGrowAutofit \/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark \/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp \/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables \/> 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ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --><!-- [if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><!   \/* Style Definitions *\/  table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:\"\"; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} --> <!--[endif]--><strong><em><span lang=\"DE\"><br><\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em><span lang=\"DE\">*Oleh Kelompok 1 :<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><!-- [if !supportLists]--> <!--[endif]-->Chairul Lutfi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (10220005)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font: 7pt;\">&nbsp;<\/span><!--[endif]-->Irwan Fahruddin&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; (10220102)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><!-- [if !supportLists]-->Rahmat Indra Irawan&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (10220056)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font: 7pt;\">&nbsp;<\/span><!--[endif]-->Garizah Purnatiara S.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (10220022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><!-- [if !supportLists]-->Jawahirul Umi Zahroh&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (10220055)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PANDANGAN ORIENTALIS TERHADAP SURAH DAN AYAT AL-QUR\u2019AN Oleh : Kelompok 1* &nbsp; ABSTRAK &nbsp; Orientalisme didefiniskan sebagai pemahaman masalah-masalah ketimuran. Istilah ini berasal dari bahasa Perancis, orient yang berarti timur atau bersifat timur. Isme berarti paham, ajaran, sikap atau cita-cita. Orang yang mempelajari masalah-masalah ketimuran (termasuk keislaman) disebut orientalis yaitu ilmuwan Barat yang mendalami bahasa-bahasa, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-artikel4"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8645"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8645\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}