{"id":8603,"date":"2011-03-11T01:38:09","date_gmt":"2011-03-10T18:38:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/syariahnew.uin-malang.ac.id\/42-2\/"},"modified":"2011-03-11T01:38:09","modified_gmt":"2011-03-10T18:38:09","slug":"42-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/42-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Cinta Rasul"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pengertian Umum Hadis
<\/span><\/h2>\n


1.     <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>Hadis<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kata hadis berasal dari bahasa Arab haditsun <\/em>yang terderivasi dari kata kerja hadatsa<\/em>. Kata haditsun<\/em> yang mempunyai bentuk plural  <\/span>hawadits <\/em>dan  <\/span>berarti jadid<\/em> (baru), sedangkan kata<\/span>\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0646 <\/span><\/span>(dibaca dlammah ain fi’ilnya) berarti  <\/span>khabara<\/em> (berita).[1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Dalam pengertian yang disebutkan terakhir ini, al-Qur’an menggunakan kata hadits<\/em> dan derivasinya sebanyak 36 kali,[2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> misalnya: <\/span> <\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

“The other said: If then thou wouldst follow me, ask me no questions about anything until I myself speak to thee concerning it.” {al-Kahfi (15) : 70}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n

“Thus have We sent this down – an Arabic Qur-an and explained therein in detail some of the warnings, in order that they may fear Allah, or that it may cause their remembrance (of Him)” {Thaha (16) : 113}<\/span><\/p>\n

Ulama berbeda pendapat tentang pengertian hadis secara terminologis. Pada umumnya ulama memandang terminologi hadis sesuai dengan disiplin dan perspektif yang dipergunakan. Bagi ulama ahli hadis bahwa hadis secara terminologis adalah ucapan, perbuatan, pengakuan dan keadaan Nabi saw. Berbeda dengan pandangan ini, ulama ushul fiqh mengatakan bahwa hadis adalah perkataan, perbuatan dan pengakuan Nabi saw yang berhubungan dengan dan dapat dijadikan dasar hukum Islam.[3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Sekalipun dua definisi di atas tanpak berbeda, akan tetapi semua ulama sepakat bahwa yang dimaksud dengan terminologi hadis dalam perspektif ulama salaf adalah segala sesuatu yang dihubungkan dengan Nabi saw.<\/span><\/p>\n

Berangkat dari pengertian terminologis tersebut, Muhammad ‘Abd al-Rauf mengakatakan bahwa yang termasuk kategori hadis ialah:<\/span><\/p>\n

a.       <\/span><\/span><\/span>Sifat Nabi saw yang diriwayatkan para sahabat<\/span><\/p>\n

b.      <\/span><\/span><\/span>Perbuatan dan akhlak Nabi saw yang diriwayatkan sahabat<\/span><\/p>\n

c.       <\/span><\/span><\/span>Perbuatan para sahabat di hadapan Nabi saw yang dibiarkan dan tidak dicegah oleh Beliau (taqrir<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\n

d.      <\/span><\/span><\/span>Timbulnya berbagai pendapat sahabat di hadapan Nabi saw., lalu Beliau mengajukan pendapatnya sendiri atau mengakui salah satu pendapat para sahabat yang berselisih.<\/span><\/p>\n

e.       <\/span><\/span><\/span>Sabda Nabi saw yang dilantumkan dari lisan Beliau sendiri.<\/span><\/p>\n

f.        <\/span><\/span><\/span>Firman Allah, selain al-Qur’an alKarim, yang disampaikan oleh Nabi saw. (Hadis Qudsi)<\/span><\/p>\n

g.       <\/span><\/span><\/span>Surat-surat yang dikirimkan Nabi saw, baik yang dikirim kepada sahabanya atau kepada pihak di luar Islam.[4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

2.      <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>Sunnah<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kata Sunnah berasal dari bahasa Arab<\/span>\u0633\u0646 <\/span><\/span>yang berarti <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 <\/span><\/span>(perjlanan\/sejarah), <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 <\/span><\/span>(cara), <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 <\/span><\/span>(kebiasaan), dan <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 <\/span><\/span>(ketentuan normatif).[5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Dalam pengertian ini, al-Qur’an menggunakan kata <\/span>\u0633\u0646 <\/span><\/span>dan derivasinya sebanyak sebanyak 16 kali, misalnya:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0636\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Say to the Unbelievers, if (now) they desist (from Unbelief), their past would be forgiven them; but if they persist, the punishment of those before them is already (a matter of warning for them). {al-Anfal (9):38}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0630 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

And what is there to keep back men from believing, now that guidance has come to them, nor from praying for forgiveness from their Lord, but that (they ask that) the ways of the ancients be repeated with them, or the Wrath be brought to them face to face? {al-Kahfi (15):55}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sedangkan pengertian sunnah dalam terminologi ahli hadis adalah segala sesuatu yang disandarkan kepada Nabi saw., baik perkataan, perbuatan, ketetapan, sifat maupun sejarahnya, baik sebelum mapun sesudah Muhammad saw diangkat menjadi rasul. Berbeda dengan pandangan ini, ulama ushul (fiqh), memandang bahwa sunnah ialah segala sesuatu yang keluar dari Nabi saw., selain al-Qur’an, baik perkataan, perbuatan maupun ketetapan yang dpat dijadikan dalil (dasar) hukum syara’. Sedangkan ulama fiqh mengatakan bahwa sunnah ialah segala ketentuan hukum Nabi saw yang tidak termasuk dalam kategori wajib dan fardlu.<\/span>[6]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

3.    <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>Khabar dan Atsar<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Khabar secara etimologis berarti <\/span><\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0645 <\/span>dan <\/span><\/span>\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 <\/span>. Kalimat <\/span><\/span>\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0626 <\/span>berarti <\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0623\u0647 \u0628\u0647 <\/span>(memberitahukan ia kepadanya).<\/span>[7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Dalam pengertian ini, alQur’an menggunakan kata khabar dan derivasinya sebanyak 2 kali, yakni:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u064a \u0622\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Behold! Moses said to his family: “I perceive a fire; soon will I bring you from there some information, or I will bring you a burning brand to light our fuel, that ye may warm yourselves.” {al-Naml (27):7}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u064a \u0622\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0622\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Now when Moses had fulfilled the term, and was travelling with his family, he perceived a fire in the direction of Mount Tur. He said to his family: “Tarry ye; I perceive a fire; I hope to bring you from there some information, or a burning firebrand, that ye may warm yourselves.” {al-Qashash (28):29}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sedangkan kata atsar secara etemologis berarti  <\/span><\/span>\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/span><\/span>(pindah). Kalimat  <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0623\u062b\u0648\u0631 <\/span><\/span>berarti  <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646 <\/span><\/span>(perpindahan dari masa ke masa). Ia juga berarti  <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0626 <\/span><\/span>(hal yang tertinggal dari tulisan sesuatu), dengan pengertian ini  <\/span><\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0631 <\/span><\/span>berarti ilmu yang mempelajari hal yang tertinggal dari sebuah komunitas masyarakat melalui uang, budaya dan fosil.[8]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> Dalam pengertian ini, al-Qur’an menggunakan kata atsar dan derivasinya sebanyak 21 kali.[9]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Pengertian terminologis dari khabar dan atsar ini menurut sebagian ulama sama dengan hadis, misalnya mayoritas ulama hadis mengkategorikan semua hadis, baik yang marfu’, mauquf maupun maqthu’ sebagai khabar. Akan tetapi, sebagian yang lain memandang bahwa hadis adalah segala sesuatu yang datang dari Nabi saw., sedangkan khabar adalah yang datang selain dari Nabi saw. Dalam pengertian yang terakhir ini, orang yang menyibukkan diri untuk hadis disebut dengan  <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/em>(muhaddits<\/em>) dan ahli sejarah disebut dengan <\/span>\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a  <\/span><\/span><\/span>(akhbariy<\/em>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Sementara itu, mayoritas ulama sepakat bahwa terminologi atsar sama dengan khabar, yakni mencakup hadis marfu’, mauquf dan maqthu’. Hanya saja sebagian pakar hukum ( <\/span>\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0623<\/span><\/span>) khurasan (Rusia) mengatakan bahwa hadis mauquf disebut dengan atsar sedangkan hadis marfu’ disebut dengan khabar.[10]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n
\n
\n

[1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Louis Ma’luf, al-Munjid fi al-Lugah wa al-A’lam<\/em> (Cet. XXI; Bairut: Dar al-Masyriq, 1986), h. 121. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Muhammad Fu’ad ‘Abd al-Baqiy, al-Mu’jam al-Mufahras li Alfadh al-Qur’an al-Karim <\/em>(Bairut: Dar al-Fikr, 1987), h. 194-195.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[3]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Muhammad ‘Ajjaj al-Khathib, Ushul al-Hadis: Ulumuh wa Mushthalah<\/span>uh<\/em> (Cet. III; t.t.: Dar al-Fikr, 1975), h. 37<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>M. Syuhudi Ismail, Pengantar Ilmu Hadis<\/em> (Cet. II; Bandung: Angkasa, 1991), h. 3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[5]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Louis Ma’luf, op. cit<\/em>., h. 353.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[6]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Selengkapnya lihat dalam Muhammad ‘Ajjaj al-Khatib, op. cit.<\/em>, h. 18-19.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[7]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Lihat pengertian ini dalam Louis Ma’luf, op. cit<\/em>., h. 167.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[8]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Ibid<\/span><\/em>., h. 3.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[9]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Muhammad Fu’ad ‘Abd al-Baqy, op. cit.<\/em>, h. 11-12.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\n

[10]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>Muhammad ‘Ajjaj al-Khathib, op. cit<\/em>., h. 27-28. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pengertian Umum Hadis 1.     Hadis Kata hadis berasal dari bahasa Arab haditsun yang terderivasi dari kata kerja hadatsa. Kata haditsun yang mempunyai bentuk plural  hawadits dan  berarti jadid (baru), sedangkan kata\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0646 (dibaca dlammah ain fi’ilnya) berarti  khabara (berita).[1] Dalam pengertian yang disebutkan terakhir ini, al-Qur’an menggunakan kata hadits dan derivasinya sebanyak 36 kali,[2] misalnya:  \u0642\u0627\u0644 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-artikel4"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8603","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8603"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8603\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/syariah.uin-malang.ac.id\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}